Osteoarthritis and the Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
This drawing of an arthritic hip shows how the cartilage covering the leg bone (femur) and the acetabulum of the hip become damaged over time.
The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis. It results from overuse, trauma, or the degeneration of the joint cartilage that takes place with age. Osteoarthritis is often more painful in joints that bear weight, such as the knee, hip, and spine, rather than in the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints. However, joints that are used extensively in work or sports or joints that have been damaged from fractures or other injuries may show signs of osteoarthritis. Other disorders that injure or overload the articular cartilage may lead to osteoarthritis.
In osteoarthritis, the cartilage covering the bone ends gradually wears away. In many cases, bone growths called “spurs” develop at the edges of osteoarthritic joints. The bone can become hard and firm (sclerosis). The joint becomes inflamed, causing pain and swelling. Continued use of the joint is painful.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-lasting disease. It is estimated that 1% of the population throughout the world have rheumatoid arthritis. Women are three times more likely than men to have rheumatoid arthritis. The development of rheumatoid arthritis slows with age.
Rheumatoid arthritis affects many parts of the body, but mainly the joints. The body’s immune system, which normally protects the body, begins to produce substances that attack the body. In rheumatoid arthritis, the joint lining swells, invading surrounding tissues. Chemical substances are produced that attack and destroy the joint surface.
Rheumatoid arthritis may affect both large and small joints in the body and also the spine. Swelling, pain, and stiffness usually develop, even when the joint is not used. In some circumstances, juvenile arthritis may cause similar symptoms in children.